Past Simple vs. Present Perfect

In English, there are many different verb tense that you can use to talk about the past. It can be very difficult to understand the differences. For example, the past simple and the present perfect both describe events in the past.^[1]https://7esl.com/past-simple-and-present-perfect/ However, what is the difference between the past simple vs the present perfect?

The past simple describes finished time

And

The present perfect describes unfinished time.

Differences between the past simple vs. present perfect

The differences between these two verb tense are slight; however, they can drastically change the meaning of a sentence.

Finished vs. Unfinished Time

The past simple expresses finished time.

For example:

• I lived in France from 2012 to 2016.

Note: In this sentence, the subject used to live in France, but doesn’t live there anymore.

However, the present perfect describes unfinished time.

For example:

• I have lived in France since 2012.

Note: In this sentence, the subject started living in France in 2012 and still lives there to this day.

Definite vs Indefinite Time

The past simple refers to definite time.

For example:

• I went on vacation to Mexico last summer.

Note: In this sentence, the subject went on vacation at a specific time (last summer).

However, the present perfect describes indefinite time.

For example:

• I have visited Mexico for vacation before.

Note: In the sentence, the subject visited Mexico; however, we don’t know when or how many times.

Series of Finished Actions vs. Experiences/Results

The past simple is used to talk about a series of finished actions in the past.

For example:

• I finished my homework, and then I played video games.

Note: The first completed action was finishing the homework. After that was finished, the subject played video games.

However, the present perfect talks about experiences or results.

For example:

• I have already finished my homework.

Note: In this sentence, the result is that the homework is already done.

Example Exercises

Write the correct verb tense for each sentence.