In this article, we will analyze the answers to the TOEFL iBT reading passage on electric vehicles (EVs). Each question is linked to a specific part of the passage, testing comprehension, inference, and reasoning skills. Below, we will explain why each answer is correct.
Question 1: What is one major reason automakers are investing in EV technology?
Answer: B) Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel dependence
Explanation:
The passage states that concerns over climate change and fossil fuel reliance have accelerated the adoption of EV technology. This means automakers are investing in EVs primarily because of environmental and energy sustainability concerns. The other options are not mentioned as primary reasons.
Question 2: Why is the production of lithium-ion batteries considered a challenge?
Answer: A) It requires scarce materials that impact the environment
Explanation:
The passage highlights that lithium-ion battery production depends on materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which are often mined in environmentally sensitive areas. This means battery production raises environmental concerns, making this the correct answer.
- Option B (not efficient enough for long distances) is incorrect because the passage states that battery efficiency has improved significantly.
- Option C (electric motors consume too much electricity) is not discussed.
- Option D (cost of batteries decreasing) is unrelated to environmental concerns.
Question 3: What is “range anxiety”?
Answer: B) Concern about not finding enough charging stations
Explanation:
“Range anxiety” refers to the fear that an EV will run out of charge before reaching a charging station. The passage describes how limited charging infrastructure contributes to this concern.
- Option A (fear of high-speed driving) is incorrect because range anxiety relates to battery life, not speed.
- Option C (EVs overheating) is not mentioned.
- Option D (worry about motor wear) is also unrelated.
Question 4: How are governments encouraging the adoption of EVs?
Answer: B) By providing financial incentives to consumers and manufacturers
Explanation:
The passage explains that tax incentives, subsidies, and regulations encourage the transition from gasoline vehicles to EVs.
- Option A (taxing gasoline cars heavily) is incorrect because the passage doesn’t mention taxes on gasoline cars, only incentives for EVs.
- Option C (requiring people to trade in gasoline cars) is false.
- Option D (making EVs free for citizens) is unrealistic and not mentioned.
Question 5: What factor affects the environmental benefits of EVs?
Answer: B) The source of electricity used for charging
Explanation:
The passage explains that if EVs are charged using electricity from fossil fuels, they may still contribute to carbon emissions. However, as more renewable energy sources become available, the environmental benefits of EVs will increase.
- Option A (brand of vehicle) has no effect on environmental impact.
- Option C (size of the battery) is irrelevant.
- Option D (number of EVs sold) does not determine their environmental impact.
Question 6: Why do EVs have lower maintenance costs than gasoline-powered vehicles?
Answer: B) They require fewer repairs due to fewer moving parts
Explanation:
EVs do not require oil changes, exhaust system repairs, or fuel filters because they have fewer moving parts than gasoline cars. This reduces maintenance costs.
- Option A (more durable materials) is not mentioned.
- Option C (frequent servicing) is false.
- Option D (no cooling systems) is incorrect since EVs do have cooling systems for batteries.
Question 7: What is one reason some consumers are hesitant to adopt EVs?
Answer: B) Charging an EV battery can take a long time
Explanation:
The passage states that charging can take several hours with home chargers, making it a concern for some consumers.
- Option A (unreliable performance on highways) is false.
- Option C (limited color and model options) is irrelevant.
- Option D (EVs more expensive to repair) is incorrect since they are cheaper to maintain.
Question 8: What is a major factor contributing to the high cost of EVs?
Answer: A) The expense of producing EV batteries
Explanation:
The passage states that the high price of lithium-ion batteries is a primary reason why EVs are expensive.
- Option B (lack of charging stations) is a concern, but not a direct factor in EV pricing.
- Option C (limited government incentives) contradicts the passage.
- Option D (difficulty manufacturing electric motors) is not mentioned.
Question 9: What does the passage suggest about the future of electric transportation?
Answer: B) Electric power will expand beyond personal vehicles
Explanation:
The passage states that buses, taxis, and delivery trucks are also being electrified, meaning electric transportation is not limited to personal vehicles.
- Option A (EVs will remain a niche market) is false.
- Option C (gasoline cars will always be more popular) contradicts the passage.
- Option D (only developed countries will adopt EVs) is not discussed.
Question 10: What is the author’s overall perspective on EVs?
Answer: B) Their adoption is necessary despite challenges
Explanation:
The conclusion of the passage acknowledges challenges (cost, charging infrastructure, battery production) but states that EVs are crucial for sustainability.
- Option A (temporary solution to climate change) is incorrect because the passage presents EVs as a long-term transition.
- Option C (unlikely to become widespread) is false, as the passage suggests growing adoption.
- Option D (less environmentally friendly than gasoline cars) contradicts the passage’s argument.
Conclusion
This TOEFL iBT reading passage tests a range of reading skills, including comprehension, inference, and cause-effect relationships. Understanding why each answer is correct will help improve test-taking strategies and overall reading proficiency.