The Best Guide to Modals in English

by

The modals “must” and “have to” talk about obligation.[1]https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-not.htm The difference between the two types of obligation is if it internal or external.

must

Must

In general, you use “must” to talk about personal opinion. This is subjective. That means, the speaker thinks it is necessary.

must

For example:

  • I must
    study; otherwise, I won’t do well on the test.

(The implication is that the speaker wants to do well on the test. Therefore, they are going to study. It is not a requirement for them to study.)

  • You must
    try this sandwich! It is so tasty!

(The implication is that you really should try the sandwich that I think is very tasty. However, if you don’t want to, you are required to.)

  • If I am going to become a professional
    basketball player, I must practice
    every day.

(The implication is that it is necessary to practice every day in order to become a professional basketball player. However, neither becoming a professional basketball player nor practicing every day is a requirement.)

Have to

In general, you use “have to” to talk about external rules or opinions. In other words, you use it when rules and other people are telling you to do something. It is not a personal opinion.

have to

For example:

  • In England, you have to drive on the left hand size of the road.

(The implication is that it is the law in England to drive on the left hand side of the road.)

  • I have to
    wear a uniform at work.

(The implication is that it a requirement to wear a uniform at work.)

  • You have
    to     wait for the stop light to turn green before you can move forward.

(It is the law that you can’t drive through a red light. You must wait for the green light to drive.)

Practice Exercises

 10%

Question 1 of 10

1. You ________ stop at the red light.

Question 1 of 10

Question 2 of 10

2. It is cold outside, so I _______ stay inside to stay warm.

Question 2 of 10

Question 3 of 10

3. Susie can’t see very well. She _______ wear glasses to see the board in front of the classroom.

Question 3 of 10

Question 4 of 10

4. I am going to travel overseas. I ___________ get a passport.

Question 4 of 10

Question 5 of 10

5. She ________ stop smoking. It is not healthy for you.

Question 5 of 10

Question 6 of 10

6. He ______ return the clothes. It is too big for him.

Question 6 of 10

Question 7 of 10

7. I don’t have money to pay for rent. I _______ get a job.

Question 7 of 10

Question 8 of 10

8. I am not feeling good. Sorry, I _______ leave early.

Question 8 of 10

Question 9 of 10

9. You _________ wear a seatbelt when you drive. It is the law.

Question 9 of 10

Question 10 of 10

10. The children __________ listen to the teacher’s rules.

Question 10 of 10


 

How did you do?

If some of these questions were tricky don’t worry — this is one of the topics that confuses English learners the most.

Sometimes reading alone isn’t enough. A private one on one lesson can clear up any confusion quickly and help you use this grammar naturally and confidently.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Best Guide to Gerunds Form of Verbs in English

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In English, gerunds are a type of verb form that function as nouns.[1]https://7esl.com/gerunds/#The_Gerund_Can_be_Used_after_Certain_Expressions

Form

Gerunds are formed by taking a verb and adding -ing.

gerunds

When do you use the gerund?

Subject

The gerund form of verbs is used when it is the subject of a sentence.

For example:

  • Learning
    English is easy!
  • Playing
    video games is my favorite thing to do.
  • Swimming
    is my favorite hobby.

Direct Object

The gerund form of verbs is used when it is the direct object of a sentence.

For example:

  • I like eating ice cream.
  • She loves swimming in the pool.
  • They like going to the movies.

Subject Complement

The gerund of verbs is used when it is the subject complement.

For example:

  • My dog’s favorite hobby is sleeping.
  • One of their responsibilities is cleaning the dishes.
  • Their favorite activity is swimming in the lake.

Object of a Preposition

The gerund of verbs is used when it is the object of a preposition.

For example:

  • The teacher said that she would be interested in
    hearing your excuse as to why you
    are late to class.
  • I was interested in running a marathon.
  • She is thinking of changing his job.

After Certain Expressions

The gerund form of verbs is used when it is after certain expressions such as it’s no use, it’s no good, there’s no point in.

For example:

  • It’s no use cleaning
    the floor; it is only going to get dirty again.
  • It’s no good only trying a little bit, you will never succeed.
  • There’s no point going back.

Gerunds vs. Infinitives

It can be confusing to understand when to use gerunds vs. infinitives.

Infinitives are the “to” form of a verb.

The easiest way to remember the difference between the two is:

  1. Gerunds are used with completed, fixed, and real
    actions.
  2. Infinitives are used with future, abstract, and
    unreal actions.

A Few Common Verbs Used with Gerunds

  • Admit:
    I admit making a mistake.
  • Advice:
    I advise not doing that.
  • Anticipate:
    She anticipates having to study a
    lot for the tests.
  • Began:
    They began eating at 4 pm.
  • Delay:
    I delayed studying for the exam.
  • Enjoy:
    He enjoys eating ice cream.
  • Keep:
    They keep running stop signs.
  • Love:
    We love running in the rain.
  • Prefer:
    I prefer sleeping on the left side
    of the bed.
  • Recommend:
    They recommended trying the
    appetizer.
  • Suggest:
    I suggest studying hard for the test

Practice Exercises

Please go to The Best Guide to Gerunds Form of Verbs in English to view this quiz

How did you do?

If some of these questions were tricky don’t worry — this is one of the topics that confuses English learners the most.

Sometimes reading alone isn’t enough. A private one on one lesson can clear up any confusion quickly and help you use this grammar naturally and confidently.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Best Guide to Articles with Countable and Uncountable Nouns

by

In English, there are both countable and uncountable nouns. When using them, it is important to know which articles to use with them.[1]https://7esl.com/articles-with-countable-and-uncountable-nouns/

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are concepts, materials, and information that cannot be counted.

A few examples include:[2]https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/nouns-countable-un.htm

  • Currency
  • Money
  • Electricity
  • Gas
  • Power
  • Water
  • Butter
  • Sugar
  • Rice
  • Milk
  • Music
  • Love
  • Art
  • news

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are places, people, and objects that can be counted.

For example:

  • 8 kids
  • 4 men
  • 12 apples
  • 6 oranges
  • A car
uncountable nouns

Articles with Uncountable Nouns

The

You can use the article “the” with uncountable nouns to talk about specific things.

For example:

  • The water
    is very cold.
  • I am listening to the news.
  • I love the
    art in the museum.

No Article

You can use no article in front an uncountable noun when you are talking about something in general.

For example:

  • He loves listening to music.
  • Milk
    is an important part of this recipe.

Articles with Countable Nouns

Number

You can use numbers in front of countable nouns.

For example:

  • I have 2
    kids.
  • We have 3
    dogs, 2 cats, and 6 fish as pets.

A/An

You can use “a/an” in front of singular non-specific countable nouns. This means that you are talking about something in general/nonspecific.

For example:

  • She has a
    cat.
  • Can I have a
    book please?
  • Joe is an
    English teacher.

The

You can use “the” in front of singular and plural specific countable nouns.

  • I like the
    book.
  • I like the
    books.

No Article

You can use no article in front of countable nouns when you mean all or any of it.

For example:

I am eating with my friends. (this can mean with some of my friends or all of my friends)

I like dogs. (this means that I like all dogs in general)

She hates cats. (this means that she hates all cats in general)

Practice Exercises

Please go to The Best Guide to Articles with Countable and Uncountable Nouns to view this quiz

How did you do?

If some of these questions were tricky don’t worry — this is one of the topics that confuses English learners the most.

Sometimes reading alone isn’t enough. A private one on one lesson can clear up any confusion quickly and help you use this grammar naturally and confidently.

book an english lesson

References[+]

How to Confidently Read and Understand Airport English

by

Look at the airline ticket below and do the exercises for at the airport to improve your English reading skills.[1]https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/beginner-a1-reading/train-station

Preparation

Match the pictures with the corresponding vocabulary words below.

at the airport
  1. Boarding gate ____
  2. terminal ____
  3. airport ____
  4. airplane ____
  5. plane ticket ____
  6. passport ____

1. E 2. F 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B

Reading

at the airport

Fill in the blank

  1. The airline’s name is _______.
  2. The passenger’s name is _______.
  3. The plane departs from _______.
  4. The boarding ticket is an _______ fare.
  5. The passenger is going to _________.
  6. The flight leave on _____________.
  7. The flight number is _______.
  8. You must go to Gate _____ to board the plane.

1. Blue Airlines 2. Joe Smith 3. Los Angeles 4. Economy 5. Paris 6. 14 June 7. A1982 8. 20A

True or False

Select true or false for each statement.

  1. The flight is on July 15. True/False
  2. The first name of the passenger is Smith. True/False
  3. The destination is Paris. True/False
  4. You can board the plane at 8:00. True/False
  5. The passenger has a business class ticket. True/False
  6. The flight leaves at 8:25. True/False
  7. You can’t board the plane at Gate 20A. True/False
  8. The passenger is leaving from Paris. True/False
  9. The flight number is A1982. True/False
  10. The name of the company is Blue Airlines. True/False

1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False 6. True 7. False 8. False 9. True 10. True

Discussion

Now that you have read the article about an airport and the vocabulary that goes along with it:

  • Have you ever flown on an airplane before?
  • Where did you go?
  • Did you fly in Economy class?
  • How long was the flight?

If this is too difficult to understand, check out the A1 grammar points to help out!

Take Your English Further

Studying is just the first step — the real progress happens when you practice using your English naturally in real conversations. A private lesson is the fastest way to get there.

book an english lesson

References[+]

How to Confidently Read and Understand Restaurant English

by

Look at the menu below and do the exercises for at the restaurant to improve your English reading skills.[1]Restaurant

Preparation

Match the pictures with the corresponding vocabulary words below.

food vocabulary
  1. orange juice ____
  2. tea ____
  3. fruit cake ____
  4. salad ____
  5. coffee ____
  6. pizza ____
  7. chicken tenders ____
  8. ice cream ____
  9. nachos ____
  10. cheese burger ____
  11. soda ____
  12. chocolate cake ____

1. D 2. L 3. C 4. B 5. K 6. G 7. A 8. J 9. I 10. F 11. E 12. H

Reading

At the Restaurant

Fill in the blank

  1. Caesar salad costs _______.
  2. _______ costs $9.50.
  3. There are _______ items under drinks.
  4. The three flavors of ice cream are _______, _______, and _______.
  5. Every main dish comes with a _______________.
  6. The cheapest appetizer is _____________.
  7. ____________ pizza is cheaper than ____________ pizza.
  8. Nachos cost _______.

1. $3.99 2. Cheese burger 3. 5 (five) 4. vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry 5. side of fries 6. Caesar salad 7. Cheese, meat 8. $4.99

True or False

Select true or false for each statement.

  1. You can’t eat salad at this restaurant. True/False
  2. The place sells desserts. True/False
  3. There are three different types of pizza. True/False
  4. All main dishes come with fries. True/False
  5. There are four different flavors of ice cream. True/False
  6. The most expensive item on the menu is meat pizza. True/False
  7. There are four different items for appetizers. True/False
  8. It costs $1.98 per scoop of ice cream. True/False
  9. The restaurant sells sea food. True/False
  10. You can’t buy coffee from the restaurant. True/False

1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. False

Grouping

Group the food in the following categories.

ice cream/chicken tenders/fruit cake/nachos/coffee/cheese burger/chocolate cake/orange juice/tea/soda/salad/pizza

Appetizer: ___________________________________

Main Meal: __________________________________

Drinks: ______________________________________

Desserts: _____________________________________

Appetizer: nachos, salad Main Meal: chicken tenders, cheese burger, pizza Drinks: coffee, orange juice, tea, soda Desserts: ice cream, fruit cake, chocolate cake

Discussion

Now that you have read the article about a restaurant and the vocabulary that goes along with it:

  • What items on the menu do you like?
  • What would you order for appetizer, main dish, drinks, and dessert?
  • Would you go to this restaurant?

If this is too difficult to understand, check out the A1 grammar points to help out!

Take Your English Further

Studying is just the first step — the real progress happens when you practice using your English naturally in real conversations. A private lesson is the fastest way to get there.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Ultimate Guide to the Present Continuous Tense Verbs

by

The present continuous tense is made from the present simple tense of the verb “to be” and a verb + ing.[1]https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/present-continuous

Subject + to be + verb –ing

present continuous tense

When do we use the present continuous tense?

Action happening right now

The present continuous tense is used to talking about an action that you are doing right at the moment.

Positive

  • I am
    studying     English right now!
  • You are
    watching     a movie.
  • He/she/it is
    eating     dinner.
  • We are
    studying     for an exam.
  • They are
    going     to school right now.

Negative

  • I am not
    studying     English right now.
  • You are
    not watching     a movie.
  • He/she/it is
    not eating     dinner.
  • We are
    not studying     for an exam.
  • They are
    not going     to school right now.

Question

  • Am I studying English right now?
  • Are you
    watching a movie?
  • Is he/she/it watching a movie?
  • Are we
    studying for an exam?
  • Are they
    going to school right now?

Action happening around right now

The present continuous tense is also used to talk about events that is happening right now but is not yet finished.

Positive

  • I am
    reading     a great book.
  • You are
    cooking     dinner.
  • He/she/it is
    learning     French.
  • We are
    eating     dinner.
  • They are
    taking     a test.

Negative

  • I am not
    reading     a great book.
  • You are
    not cooking     dinner.
  • He/she/it is
    not learning     French.
  • We are
    not eating     dinner.
  • They are
    not taking     a test.

Question

  • Am I reading a great book?
  • Are you
    cooking dinner?
  • Is
    he/she/it learning French?
  • Are
    we eating dinner?
  • Are
    they taking a test?

When do you not use it?

Do not use the present continuous tense verb conjugation with stative verbs. Stative verbs show a state of being.[2]https://www.grammarly.com/blog/present-continuous/

When using stative verbs you should just use the present tense.

For example:

I am preferring chocolate ice cream to vanilla ice cream. (incorrect)

I prefer chocolate ice cream to vanilla ice cream. (correct)

Practice Exercises

Please go to The Ultimate Guide to the Present Continuous Tense Verbs to view this quiz

Conclusion

How did you do? If some questions were tricky a private lesson can help you master this topic quickly.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Ultimate Guide to Verb -ing: like/hate/love in English

by

You can use the form of like/hate/love + verb –ing to describe how you feel about something.[1]https://www.woodwardenglish.com/lesson/like-verb-ing-like-infinitive-enjoy-verb-ing/ You can use almost any verb with this form.

Like

You can use the verb “like” + verb –ing to describe that you enjoy doing an activity.

Like + verb -ing

Positive

  • I like
    swimming.
  • You like
    running     in the morning.
  • He/she/it likes
    eating     ice cream.
  • We like
    watching     tv at night.
  • They like
    playing     baseball.

Negative

  • I don’t
    like swimming    .
  • You don’t
    like running     in the morning.
  • He/she/it doesn’t
    like eating     ice cream.
  • We don’t
    like watching     tv at night.
  • They don’t
    like playing     baseball.

Question

  • Do I like swimming?
  • Do you
    like running in the morning?
  • Does
    he/she/it like eating ice cream?
  • Do we
    like watching tv at night?
  • Do they
    like playing baseball?

Love

You can use the verb “love” + verb –ing to describe that you really enjoy doing an activity.

Love + verb -ing

Positive

  • I love
    swimming    .
  • You love
    running     in the morning.
  • He/she/it loves
    eating     ice cream.
  • We love
    watching     tv at night.
  • They love
    playing     baseball.

Negative

  • I don’t
    love swimming    .
  • You don’t
    love running     in the morning.
  • He/she/it doesn’t
    love eating     ice cream.
  • We don’t
    love watching     tv at night.
  • They don’t
    love playing     baseball.

Question

  • Do I love swimming?
  • Do you
    love running in the morning?
  • Does he/she/it
    love eating ice cream?
  • Do we
    love watching tv at night?
  • Do they
    love playing baseball?

Hate

You can use the verb “hate” + verb –ing to describe that you really don’t like doing any activity.

Hate + verb -ing

Positive

  • I hate
    swimming    .
  • You hate
    running     in the morning.
  • He/she/it hates
    eating     ice cream.
  • We hate
    watching     tv at night.
  • They hate
    playing     baseball.

Negative

The negative of hate suggests that you feel so-so about an activity. It is neither good nor bad.

  • I don’t
    hate swimming.
  • You don’t
    hate running     in the morning.
  • He/she/it doesn’t
    hate eating     ice cream.
  • We don’t
    hate watching     tv at night.
  • They don’t
    hate playing     baseball.

Question

  • Do I hate swimming?
  • Do you
    hate running in the morning?
  • Does he/she/it
    hate eating ice cream?
  • Do we
    hate watching tv at night?
  • Do they hate playing baseball?

Conclusion

Understanding grammar rules is just the first step — the real progress happens when you practice using them in real conversation. A private lesson is the fastest way to get there.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Ultimate Guide to How Much How Many?

by

In English, “how much” and “how many” are used to describe the amount or quantity of something. While they are very similar, they are not used in the same way.[1]https://www.grammar.cl/english/how-much-how-many.htm

how much how many

How much?

“How much?” is used in two different ways in English.

Quantity with Uncountable Nouns

How much + uncountable noun

Uncountable nouns are information, concepts, and materials which cannot be broken down into individual objects to be counted.[2]https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/much_many3.htm

For example:

  • How much
    time before the train arrives?
  • How much
    sugar is needed for the cake?
  • How much
    milk do we have in the refrigerator?
  • How much traffic
    is there on the road?
  • How much water
    is in the pool?
  • How much
    money is in your wallet?

Price

“How much?” is also used when talking about the price/cost of something.

When talking about price we use the following form:

How much + (verb) + countable noun

Countable nouns are individual places, people, and objects which can be counted.

For example:

  • How much is
    the car?
  • How much
    for the car?
  • How much does
    a meal cost at this restaurant.
  • How much
    is the pants?
  • How much does
    it cost?

How many?

“How many?” is used when we want to know the quantity of something.

Plural Countable Nouns

We use it only with plural countable nouns.

How many + plural noun

For example:

  • How many
    days until your birthday?
  • How many students
    are in your class?
  • How many
    books do you read per year?
  • How many countries
    have you visited?
  • How many donuts
    do you want me to buy at the store?
  • How many
    siblings do you have?

In Context

You can take out the noun with “how much” or “how many” while talking when you know the context.

For example:

A: Can I have some money? B: How much (money) do you need?

A: Can I borrow some baseballs? We need it for the game. B: Sure, how many do you need?

Practice Exercises

Please go to The Ultimate Guide to How Much How Many? to view this quiz

Conclusion

How did you do? If some questions were tricky a private lesson can help you master this topic quickly.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Ultimate Guide to the Simple Future Tense in English

by

In English, the simple future tense is used when you want to make decisions to do something in the future.[1]https://eslgrammar.org/simple-future-tense/))((https://eslgrammar.org/simple-future-tense/

simple future tense

Forms of the Simple Future Tense

Will

Positive

  • I will
    have a hamburger please.
  • You will
    have     to stop.
  • He/she/it will
    help     us.
  • We will
    help     you.
  • They will
    buy     one too.

Negative

  • I will
    not have     a hamburger.
  • You will
    not have     to stop.
  • He/she/it will
    not help     us.
  • We will
    not help     you.
  • They will
    not buy     one too.

Question

  • Will
    I have a hamburger?
  • Will you
    have to stop?
  • Will he/she/it
    help us?
  • Will we
    help you?
  • Will
    they buy one too?

Going to

The verb “to go” is also used to describe the future.

Positive

  • I am
    going to visit     the store after work.
  • You are
    going to have     to study.
  • He/she/it is
    going to travel     after college.
  • We are
    going to eat     dinner together on Sunday.
  • They are
    going to help     us with the project.

Negative

  • I am not
    going to visit     the store after work.
  • You are
    not going to have     to study.
  • He/she/it is
    not going to travel     after college.
  • We are
    not going to eat     dinner together on Sunday.
  • They are
    not going to help     us with the project.

Question

  • Am I going to visit the store after work?
  • Are you
    going to have to study?
  • Is he/she/it going to travel after college?
  • Are we
    going to eat dinner together on
    Sunday?
  • Are they
    going to help us with the project?

What’s the difference between “will” and “going to”?

Both “will” and “going to” are used to talk about the future. In most cases, they can be both used and if you mix them up, native speakers will still understand you.

However, there are slight differences between the two.

Will

Quick Decisions

This is for quick decisions that you make right at the moment.

For example:

  • No problem, I will buy one for the both of us.
  • I guess I will
    try     one.

Prediction

This is for thinking about believing something in the future.

For example:

  • I think it will
    snow     later so take a warm coat.
  • Our team will
    win     the game.

Threats, Promises & Offers

This is for threats, promises, and offers in the future.

For example:

  • I will
    help     you if you help me.
  • I promise I will
    hurt     you if you tell anyone.

When someone refuses to do something

For example:

  • He won’t
    help     us.
  • They won’t
    take     out the trash.

Going to

Prior Plans

You can use “going to” if you are making plans for the future.

For example:

  • I am
    going to go     to France for vacation this summer.
  • They are
    going to study     all week for the exam.

Evidence

You can use it for future events based on evidence and predictions.

For example:

  • The weatherman said that it is going to rain this evening.

Something is about to happen

For example:

  • Be careful! The bomb is going to explode!

Similarities between “will” and “going to”

You can use “will” and “going to” interchangeably in some cases.

Predicting the Future

Both of these examples are correct:

  • It is
    going to rain     tomorrow.
  • I will
    rain     tomorrow.

Practice Exercises

Please go to The Ultimate Guide to the Simple Future Tense in English to view this quiz

Conclusion

How did you do? If some questions were tricky a private lesson can help you master this topic quickly.

book an english lesson

References[+]

The Ultimate Guide to the Past Simple Tense Verb Conjugation

by

Now that you have learned about the past simple tense for “to be”, it is important to know it for other verbs as well. The past simple tense is used to describe actions that happened in the past.

Regular Verbs

In general, we add –ed to the end of a verb to conjugate it to the past simple tense.[1]https://7esl.com/past-simple-tense/

past simple tense

Spelling Rules

In general, you add –ed to the end of a verb to conjugate it to the past simple tense.[2]https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/phase-6-past-tense-ed-suffix-4-different-spelling-rules-for-this-suffix-table-cards-ppt-6449174

However, there are a few exceptions:

  1. If the verb ends in “e”, just add the letter
    “d”.

For example:

  • live → lived
  • If the short verb ends in a consonant + vowel,
    double the consonant and add “ed”

For example:

  • trip → tripped
  • hop →
    hopped
  • jog → jogged
  • slip → slipped
  • If the verb ends in a “y”, delete the “y” and
    add “i” + “ed”

For example:

  • try → tried
  • fry → fried

When do we use the past simple tense?

There are several cases when we use the past simple verb tense in English.

Completed Actions in the Past

  • I walked
    to the park.
  • Susie parked
    her car in front of the house.
  • They lived

Series of Completed Actions in the Past

  • I walked to
    school, took an exam, and took the bus home.
  • She ran
    a mile, lifted some weights, and stretched.

Habits in the Past

  • When she was
    young, she watched a lot of movies.
  • When they were
    young, they played a lot of sports.

Irregular Verbs

There are several examples of irregular verbs that don’t follow the –ed rule in the past simple tense.

For example:

To Have

Positive

  • I had
  • You had
  • He/she/it/ had
  • We had
  • They had

Negative

  • I didn’t
    have
  • You didn’t
    have
  • He/she/it didn’t
    have
  • We didn’t
    have
  • They didn’t
    have

Question

  • Did I
    have?
  • Did
    you have?
  • Did
    he/she/it have?
  • Did
    we have?
  • Did
    they have?

To Go

Positive

  • I went
  • You went
  • He/she/it went
  • We went
  • They went

Negative

  • I didn’t
    go
  • You didn’t
    go
  • He/she/it didn’t
    go
  • We didn’t
    go
  • They didn’t
    go

Question

  • Did I
    go?
  • Did
    you go?
  • Did
    he/she/it go?
  • Did
    we go?
  • Did
    they go?

Pronunciation

As you can see, pronouncing the –ed sound in English can be very confusing. It isn’t always said the same. There are 3 ways to pronounce –ed.

simple past tense

“id”

Words that end in “d”or “t” are pronounced as “id”.

“t”

Words that end in a voiceless sound are pronounced as “t”.

A voiceless sound is one that is produced in the mouth and not the throat.

voiceless sounds

“d”

Words that end in a voiced sound are pronounced as “d”.

A voiced sound is one that is produced in the throat and not the mouth.

voiced sounds

Conclusion

Understanding grammar rules is just the first step — the real progress happens when you practice using them in real conversation. A private lesson is the fastest way to get there.

book an english lesson

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